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Anthony Mario Ludovici MBE (8 January 1882 – 3 April 1971) was a British philosopher, sociologist, social critic and polyglot. He is best known as a proponent of aristocracy, and in the early 20th century was a leading British conservative author. He wrote on subjects including art, metaphysics, politics, economics, religion, the differences between the sexes, race, health and eugenics. Ludovici began his career as an artist, painting and illustrating books. He was private secretary to sculptor Auguste Rodin for several months in 1906, but the two men parted company after Christmas, "to their mutual relief." 〔Ludovici, Anthony M. (1923). "Personal Reminiscences of Auguste Rodin," ''Cornhill Magazine'', Vol. LV, Nos. 325-326, New Series.〕〔Ludovici, Anthony M. (1925-6). "Further Personal Reminiscences of Auguste Rodin," ''Cornhill Magazine'', Vol. LIX-LX. Nos. 334-356, New Series.〕〔Bacci, Francesca; David Melcher (2011). ''Art and the Senses'', Oxford University Press, p. 146.〕 Ultimately, he would turn towards writing, with over 40 books as author, and translating over 60 others. ==Early life== Ludovici was born in London, England on 8 January 1882 to Albert Ludovici, and Marie Cals. Ludovici's father and grandfather, Albert Ludovici, Sr., were both artists. He married Elsie Finnimore Buckley on 20 March 1920. He was educated privately, in England and abroad but chiefly by his mother.〔Kerr, R.B. (1932). ("Anthony M. Ludovici: The Prophet of Anti-Feminism," ) in ''Our Prophets, Studies of Living Writers''. Croydon: R.B. Kerr, pp. 84–99.〕 He spent several years in Germany where he studied Nietzsche's writings in the original German. He was fluent in several languages. He began lecturing on art, politics, religion, and the philosophy of Friedrich Nietzsche,〔Stone, Dan (1999). "The Extremes of Englishness: The ‘Exceptional’ Ideology of Anthony Mario Ludovici," ''Journal of Political Ideologies'', Vol. 4 (2), pp. 191-218.〕 about whom he wrote ''Who is to be Master of the World?: An Introduction to the Philosophy of Friedrich Nietzsche'' (1909) and ''Nietzsche: His Life and Works'' (1910). Nietzsche scholar William Mackintire Salter called ''Nietzsche: His Life and Works'' "the well-nigh perfect short manual" on Nietzsche.〔William Mackintire Salter, ‘Book Reviews’, ''The Harvard Theological Review'', Vol. 8, No. 3 (Jul., 1915), p. 404.〕 According to Steven Aschheim, his 1911 ''Nietzsche and Art'' was "a unique attempt to write a Nietzschean history of art in terms of rising aristocratic and decadent-democratic epochs".〔Aschheim, Steven (1994). ''The Nietzsche Legacy in Germany, 1890-1990,'' University of California Press, p. 48 (footnote).〕 This was the year of the first Parliament Act 1911, cutting back the power of the House of Lords. It also marks a watershed or change in Ludovici's writing, to a more overt political line, which would only sharpen over the next 25 years. During World War I he joined the New Army and served as an artillery officer at Armentières and the Somme, where he described himself as "a miserable and vermin-ridden trench-rat", and then in the Intelligence Staff at the War Office, where after two years of service he rose to head of his department (MI6 A).〔Day, John V. (2012). "My Education Part III" ()"Anthony M. Ludovici: My Education,"〕 For his service during the war he was awarded the Order of the British Empire, which he immediately returned because he felt that it was too easily attainable and held by too many people. He attained the rank of Captain during World War I, of which he remained proud for the rest of his life, and was even called 'Captain' as a nickname by his peers throughout his life.〔Francis, Samuel (2004). ("Buried Alive," ) ''The Occidental Quarterly'', Vol. IV, No. 1, pp. 85-92.〕 After the war, he became a student of Dr. Oscar Levy, editor of ''The Complete Works of Friedrich Nietzsche'', the first translation of Nietzsche's works in English. Ludovici contributed several volumes.〔Ludovici, Anthony M. (1946-7). ("Dr. Oscar Levy," ) ''The New English Weekly'', Vol. 30, pp. 49–50.〕 Ludovici came across the Alexander Technique in 1925 and said he had lessons in 'deportment' over a period of four years with F.M. Alexander.〔Religion for Infidels. London: Holborn, 1961. Excerpts reprinted as "How I came to have lessons with F. M. Alexander" in The Philosopher's Stone: Diaries of Lessons with F. Matthias Alexander, edited by Jean M. O. Fischer. London: Mouritz, 1998, pp. 102–108.〕 抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』 ■ウィキペディアで「Anthony Ludovici」の詳細全文を読む スポンサード リンク
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